Kidney stones have been a common issue in young people.

It is prevalent in the age group 20-30.

It is directly linked to the lifestyle changes –

• Inactive lifestyle

• Processed food

• Obesity

• High sugar /salt intake

What Are Kidney Stones?

These are the crystalline forms, hard masses.

It is formed due to insoluble calcium salts.

These do not dissolve in the urine.

They remain unfiltered in the kidneys.

What Are Kidney Stone Symptoms?

It causes stomach pain and GIT upset.

The stones can block the ureter. It leads to severe pain and infection.

• Pain in the side (planks)

• High fever

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Blood in the urine

• Urine infection

What Causes Kidney Stones? Why is It Increasing in Young Adults?

Kidney stones are mineral deposits.

It is increasingly diagnosed in young adults.

It occurs due to –

Dehydration- Insufficient water intake leads to a concentration of the urine.

It reduces the urine volume.

It causes crystallization of minerals.

Diet – The use of excess sugars and salts in processed food leads to stone formation.

It causes depositions of minerals.

Obesity – Increased weight increases excretion of calcium in the urine.

It also increases uric acid levels.

It can increase oxalate absorption.

Medical Conditions

The underlying health conditions that increase the risk of stone formation-

• Diabetes

• Gout

• Thyroid

• UTI

Medicines – The medicines can alter urine PH.

It can cause dehydration.

It can lead to crystalline deposits.

The medicines that lead to kidney stones-

• HIV medicines

• Diabetes medicines

• Diuretics

• Antacids

• Health supplements

Genetic Factors

The history of kidney stones in the family.

It can cause the formation of stones.

The Treatment for Kidney Stones

For small stone sizes, it goes up by itself through the kidneys.

Taking a Large Volume of Water

It increases the urinary pressure. It helps excrete small stones.

Taking Pain-relieving Medicines

NSAIDS are widely used to relieve pain.

Medicines Used for Kidney Stones

Thiazide Diuretics – They increase calcium absorption. It decreases its excretion in the urine.

Potassium Citrate – It is used to reduce the PH of the urine.

It helps dissolve the stones in the urine.

Allopurinol – It dissolves uric acid stones.

The Large Stones Are Removed by Laser Therapy or Surgery

• Uretroscopy

• Shock wave therapy

Measures to Reduce Kidney Stone Recurrence

• Increase the amount of water intake

• Take a Healthy diet, low in oxalates.

• Reduce caffeine drinks

• Increase activity

• Control weight

• Avoid excess salts and sugars

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