Methotrexate

Methotrexate - 50mg

Classification – Anticancer Medicine

What is Methotrexate?

It is an anticancer medicine that has multiple uses. It is used against many cancers and autoimmune diseases.

Uses of Methotrexate

•  Blood cancers
•  Lymphomas
•  Bladder cancer
•  Lung cancers
•  Sarcomas
•  Arthritis
•  Psoriatic arthritis
•  Lupus erythematosus
•  Crohn’s disease

Common Side Effects

•  Nausea
•  Vomiting
•  Reduced appetite
•  Tiredness
•  Mouth ulcers
•  Diarrhea
•  Photosensitivity
•  Skin rashes

Serious Side Effects

•  Bone marrow suppression
•  Liver dysfunction
•  Lung toxicity
•  Kidney toxicity
•  Headache
•  Dizziness
•  Seizure

How Does Methotrexate Work?

Methotrexate inhibits several nucleotide synthesis enzymes:

• Inhibiting inflammation – used in arthritis
• Cell division – used in cancer treatment

Contraindication

•  Its use is contraindicated in patients who have an allergy to methotrexate or a history of hypersensitivity to any excipients.
•  Patients with impaired renal and hepatic functions.

Toxicities

•  Bone Marrow Suppression
•  Hepato-toxicity
•  Nephrotoxicity
•  Pulmonary Toxicity
•  Neurotoxicity related to high doses
•  Gastrointestinal toxicity

Precautions

•  To be used cautiously in renal insufficiency and impaired hepatology function.
•  Should not be used in pregnant and lactating mothers, as it may cause teratogenic effects.

Warnings

Should be given under the supervision of an oncologist or a medical practitioner. Take folic acid supplementation to reduce side effects.

Important Monitoring Instruction

Access for mouth ulcers, liver tests, lung functions, and skin infections.

•  Liver functions
•  Lung functions

Drug Interactions

Always avoid NSAIDs, alcohol, and live vaccines.

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