In the majority of cases, bladder cancer recurs after 3 months of treatment. It is the highest recurring cancer.

What is Bladder Cancer?

Bladder cancer occurs in the urinary bladder. It mostly begins in the urothelial cells lining the bladder. It can affect uterine or the urinary tract.

What Are the Types of Bladder Cancer?

• • Transitional cell Carcinoma (Urothelial Carcinoma) – It accounts for 90 percent of bladder cancer. It occurs in the urothelial lining of the bladder.
• • Squamous cell carcinoma – the cancer caused due to irritation or chronic infection on the skin that lines the organs.
• • Adenocarcinomas- it is the cancer of the glandular cells that produce mucus. It is usually caused due to chronic inflammation of the cells. It is diagnosed at the advanced stage.
• • Small cell carcinoma- It is a neuroendocrine tumor affecting the hormonal cells in the bladder.
• • Sarcoma- it is a cancer that develops in the muscle or the connective tissue in the bladder.

Symptoms of Bladder Cancer

• • Frequent urination
• • Blood in urine
• • Back pain
• • Pain during urination

The Risk Factors for Bladder Cancer

• • Smoking
• • Growing age
• • Use of hazardous chemicals and dyes.
• • Family history of cancer
• • Previous cancer and treatments
• • Chronic inflammation in the bladder

Can Bladder Cancer Come Back?

Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that can come back even after early-stage cancers have been treated and cured. It has the highest risk of returning after 3 months.

Types of Bladder Cancer Recurrence

• • Non-muscle invasive cancer recurrence – It is the cancer that occurs in the inner lining of the bladder. The urothelial layer.
• • Muscle Invasive Cancer recurrence – It is the cancer that has spread to the muscular layer, and has extended from the inner lining.
• • Regional cancer recurrence- The cancer that has spread to the nearby lymph nodes or the pelvic organs.
• • Metastatic cancer recurrence – The cancer that has spread to other organs. Like – lungs, liver, bones.

Prevention of Bladder Cancer Recurrence

Regular monitoring and personalized surveillance are important to prevent recurrence, including cystoscopies at 3 or 12 months.

Treatment and the Anticancer Medicines for Bladder Cancer

Surgery

It is the surgical process involving the removal of a tumor through transurethral resection, in which the tumor is used for both biopsy and treatment.

Chemotherapy

It is the anticancer drug or the cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs that are used before surgery to shrink the tumor and after surgery to prevent cancer cell progression.

Chemotherapy is Given by Two Processes –

• • Systemic chemotherapy: The anticancer drugs are administered through intravenous infusion into the blood circulation.
• • Instillation chemotherapy: In this, the anticancer drugs are used to irrigate the bladder lining to prevent recurrence.

The Oncology Medicines Used in Chemotherapy Include

• • Carboplatin (carboakst)
• • Cisplatin (Cycokast)
• • Doxorubicin (Dorucin)
• • Fluorouracil (5-FU)
• • Gemcitabine (Apragem)
• • Methotrexate (Trexazer)
• • Mitomycin (Mitomycin)
• • Paclitaxel (Nab-paclikast), (paclikast)
• • Mitomycin and gemcitabine (Apragem)

Radiation Therapy

It is treating the cancer through an external beam of radiation, targeted at the areas with cancer.

Immunotherapy

Boosts the immune system and the killer–cell activity.

Targeted Therapy

These are the targeted therapy drugs that block specific enzymes or proteins, affecting the cancer cells without harming the normal cells.

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