Breast cancer is not always the same for all; everybody experiences it differently. It’s not always one size fits all.

What is breast cancer?

Breast cancer is a cancer of the breast cells, which appears in the form of a lump or without a lump.
It starts mainly in the milk ducts or the milk-producing lobules.

Types of breast cancer

Non-invasive forms

These are the localized forms of breast cancer that remain confined to milk ducts or glands.

• • Lobular carcinoma is a non-invasive form of cancer that has not spread. It is found in the milk glands.
• • In situ Ductal carcinoma – the cancer formed in the milk ducts.

Invasive Forms of Breast Cancer-

It is a form of breast cancer that has spread to the neighboring tissues or glands.

• • Ductal Carcinoma—The cancer of the milk ducts and spreads into the nearby tissues.
• • Invasive lobular carcinoma—The cancer of the lobules that has spread to other parts.
• • Inflammatory Cancer—Redness and swelling in the skin of the breasts caused by inflammation.
• • Triple-negative breast cancer – The cancer that does not grow in response to hormones.
• • Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer – The cancer grows in response to hormones.
• • Stage 4 breast cancer – The cancer has spread to distinct organs.

Causes of Breast Cancer

• • Genetic mutations – when the mutations are inherited through the family (BRCA-1 and BRCA-2).
• • Hormonal factors – early menopause and menarche
• • Fertility factors – people with late childbirth or no child, and excessive use of oral contraceptives.
• • Lifestyle shifts – alcohol, smoking, less physical activity, and obesity.
• • Age – postmenopausal women who are 50 years of age or above.

Symptoms of breast cancer

• • A lump or mass inside or around the breasts
• • Change in size or shape
• • Thickening inside breast or underarm during cycle
• • White discharge from the nipple
• • Hardened skin around breasts
• • Changes in color, size, shape of nipples

Stages of Breast Cancer

• • Stage 0- the cancer is at its initial stage, the abnormal cells have not spread.
• • Stage 1-Localized cancer in the ducts or gland that has not spread to other parts beyond the breast.
• • Stage 2-the cancer that is spreading inside the breast tissues.
• • Stage 3-the cancer has spread to different lymph nodes, chest, and skin.
• • Stage 4-The cancer has reached the last stage and has spread extensively.

Breast Cancer Treatment

• • Surgery – It is the process to remove a breast tumor or the entire breast.
• • Chemotherapy- the drug therapy, various causative drugs that kill cancer cells.
• • Radiation therapy- various radiation to kill the cancer cells.
• • Hormone therapy is used for hormone-sensitive cancer.
• • Immune therapy – improves the immune system against cancer.
• • Targeted therapy – it attacks cancer cells.

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