Emtricitabine, Tenofovir, and Efavirenz

Composition:

  • • Emtricitabine – 200mg
  • • Tenofovir – 300mg
  • • Efavirenz – 600mg

Classification: HIV Medicine

Why Emtricitabine + Tenofovir + Efavirenz Combination?

It is the drug combination therapy used as primary treatment for HIV-1 infection.

Uses

  • • HIV-1 infections
  • • Post-exposure prophylaxis treatment

Working of the Emtricitabine + Tenofovir + Efavirenz Combination

The potent combination inhibits different steps of viral replication and multiplication. It offers synergistic viral suppression.

Common Side Effects

  • • Headache
  • • Dizziness
  • • Insomnia, nightmares
  • • GIT upset – diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
  • • Skin rashes
  • • Muscle pain

Serious Side Effects

  • • Neurological side effects (efavirenz) – depression, anxiety, seizures
  • • Liver dysfunctions – jaundice, hepatitis
  • • Fluid retention, changes in urine
  • • Buildup of lactic acid in the blood
  • • Bone loss – fractures, bone pain
  • • Hypersensitive reaction – fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes

Precautions

To be used cautiously in people with:

  • • Neuropsychiatric disorders
  • • Kidney diseases
  • • Liver diseases
  • • Pregnancy
  • • Breastfeeding
  • • Elderly patients
  • • Osteoporosis or bone disorder
  • • Other drugs – risk of drug interactions

Contraindications

  • • Severe liver dysfunction
  • • Severe kidney diseases
  • • Hypersensitivity or allergy to the drug components

Warnings

To be used under medical prescription.

In hepatitis co-infection, stop treatment by tapering the dose.

Important Monitoring Considerations

Check for –

  • • Lactic acidosis
  • • Liver function – elevated liver enzymes
  • • Kidney functions
  • • Viral loads (HIV, HBV)
  • • Bone health
  • • Neurological condition
  • • Lipid profile and sugar levels

Drug Interactions

  • • Anticonvulsant
  • • Antifungals
  • • Cholesterol medicines – statins
  • • Anti-tubercular
  • • NSAIDs and other nephrology drugs
  • • Psychiatric medicines – sedatives, antidepressants

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