Lopinavir / Ritonavir

Lopinavir / Ritonavir

• Classification - HIV medicine

Why Lopinavir/ Ritonavir combination?

A fixed-dose combination is widely used against HIV infection.

Lopinavir induces viral cell death, and ritonavir prolongs its effect.

Uses of Lopinavir/Ritonavir

• HIV infection

Working of the lopinavir-ritonavir combination-

• It inhibits the HIV protease enzyme.
• Inhibit cell multiplication and replication.
• Causes viral cell death.

Benefits

• It significantly lowers the viral load.
• Improves immune function
• Increases CD-4 cell count

Common side effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Tiredness
• Increase cholesterol levels
• Increase blood sugar
• Headache
• Rash, itchiness

Serious side effects

• Hepatotoxicity - elevated liver enzymes
• QT prolongation
• Severe heart complications
• Lactic acid buildup
• Pancreatitis
• Allergic reaction

Precautions:

• To be used cautiously in -
• Severe liver disorders
• Renal impairment
• Cardiovascular diseases
• High cholesterol levels
• Pancreatitis
• Bleeding disorders
• Elderly
• Children
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women

Important monitoring considerations

• Liver functions
• Kidney functions
• Blood sugar, blood pressure
• Signs of pancreatitis

Drug interactions

• Dose adjustment is required when used with -
• Anticonvulsant drugs
• Cardiovascular drugs
• Antihypertensive
• Anti-fungal and
• Anti-tubercular drugs
• Cholesterol-lowering medicines - statins
• Various herbal formulations - ergotamine derivatives
• Sedatives

Contraindications

• Severe liver dysfunction.
• Hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to the drug or its excipients.

Warnings

• To be used under medical prescription.
• Do not stop in Hepatitis B patients.

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