Brain tumors, when formed, significantly affect brain functioning, despite being cancerous.
The harmful effects of brain tumors depend on the size and the location of the area of tumor.

Increase Intracranial Pressure –

As the tumor expands, the skull is unable to expand, causing pressure on the fluid inside the skull or the spinal cord.

Compression of The Vital Brain Structures –

It affects movement, cognitive functions, sensory nerves, memory, and also causes seizures. The tumor presses against the blood vessels, blocking the flow of blood and cerebral fluid. The tumor present in the pituitary gland suppresses hormone secretion.

What is a Brain Tumor?

Excessive mass or growth in the brain.

The Types of Brain Tumors

Brain tumors may be primary or metastasized brain tumor.

• Primary brain tumors – These are the tumors that occur in the brain at first.
• Secondary brain tumors – These are the tumors that are metastasized or occur due to the spread of tumors from other organs, like breast cancer, lung cancer, etc.

What are the types of Benign Brain Tumors?

• • Membrane tumor – it is a tumor that forms in the protective layer of the brain and spinal cord.
• • Pituitary Adenoma- it occurs in the pituitary gland or cells.
• • Acoustic Neuroma – a tumor that is in the cranial nerves.
• • Choroid Plexus Papilloma- a tumor in CSF-producing cells
• • Epidermoid and Dermoid Cysts- tumors formed from the skin cells in the brain, they are usually by –birth.
• • Vascular bed tumor – Tumor of capillaries (blood vessels) in the brain.

Types of Cancerous Brain Tumors

• • Astrocytoma – The cancer that arises from the glial cells.
• • Ependymomas – the ependymal cells become cancerous.
• • Glioblastoma (GBM) – Aggressive cancer of the glial cells.
• • Oligodendroglioma – oligodendrocyte cells of the brain, causing cancer.

Symptoms of Brain Cancer

• • Severe headache
• • Seizures
• • Cognitive decline
• • Paralysis
• • Impaired vision
• • Hearing issues
• • Facial numbness
• • Nausea
• • Vomiting

What are The Treatments for Brain Cancer?

• • Surgery – surgical removal of brain tumors through open surgery.
• • Radiation therapy – destroying cancer cells through radiation.
• • Chemotherapy – Temozolomide (Temzokey) is highly prescribed in brain cancer. It is used orally for glioblastoma multiform (GBM) as it effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier.
• • Targeted therapy – various drug molecules to target specific proteins or enzymes involved in cancer growth.

What are The Medicines for Brain Cancer?

• (Carboplatin) Carbokast
• (Cisplatin) Cycokast
• (Etoposide) Posiact
• Temozolomide (Temzokey)

How are Chemotherapy Drugs Given for Brain Cancer?

• • Intravenous – Drugs are directly administered into the bloodstream as an injection or through infusion.
• • Oral – orally chemotherapy drugs are taken in the form of tablets, capsules.
• • Intrathecal – certain drugs, which cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, are given through the intrathecal route or directly into the brain.

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